Ah, but ome person's means might be another's end. If I am the L&D manager within an organisation and I identify that I need to improve performance in a specific area, then the improved performance is my end. However, I might task a person with developing one of those means, say an online process guide. That then becomes that person's end, while for me it is a means. That person asks the web designer to design a page template say - that is one of his means, but for the web designer, it is an end... and so we go.

For as long as we have different job descriptions that kick in at different parts of the process, it will remain that some people's ends happen long before others.