I must disagree with this hierarchy of cooperation and collaboration.

Take YouTube, Flickr, etc... people there share, but do not create a common object, so indeed they cooperate. But because of that, they have weak links and can't operate their own platforms.

On the other hand, take Firefox plug-ins, Linux, Wikipedia etc.. People are clearly working together, they are peer producing operating systems, browsers, universal encyclopedias; They have stronger links and therefore are able to run their own infrastructures.

To my understanding, this type of working together is therefore stronger, more efficient, more productive and therefore holarchically more encompassing.

You can collaborate and cooperate because the former includes the latter (peer production is based on freely contributing), but you can't cooperate/shared and also having collaboratively created a common artefact.

Michel