#4, Rewards & Consequences, because it is often overlooked by Human Performance Technology (HPT) practitioners and is usually passed over to those folks in Human Resources who handle pay & benefits. There’s a compensation “system” and we’ve just accepted it for many decades. We should have paid more attention to the data.

Your last sentence needs emphasis. Compensation schemes driving performance has been the fundamental assumption for quite a while now, and we've seen the limits of its effectiveness and its consequences.

This area is also at the heart of work design (whether by default or not ?) and as such will need significant examination as understanding of motivation and networks increases, as it hasn't changed all that much over the past decade, except for the notion of incentivizing via bonus.