The Practice of Training in the 21st Century

The Practice of Training in the 21st Century is an online presentation I will be doing for CSTD on 4 March 2009 at 1:00 PM EST. There is a fee for the event which supports CSTD’s work in fostering the profession of training, workplace learning and human resources development in Canada [my services are pro bono].

The presentation is an update of the ideas from the Training Department in the 21st Century. There is also a version on SlideShare. The March presentation will give more detail than what is on my related blog posts and enable some feedback, as well as open up the concept to a broader audience. As I re-do the presentation, any suggestions or criticism would be appreciated.

Preparing for Business 2.0

If you were to advise someone considering going into business or becoming an entrepreneur today, what would you tell them? What is the best advice for today’s business schools? Where would you start; with underlying processes, human psychology, supply & demand theories or principles of management? I’ve been using the wirearchy tag to note articles that talk about the changing nature of work. Here are some examples:

Wirearchy: The performance management schemes, grade levels in the organizations and compensation practices have yet to recognize how work gets done in networked environments and increasingly, in a networked world.

FastForward Blog: … the radical reduction of transaction costs shifts the economic reality enough to eliminate the current value of organizations, making organizations effectively irrelevant.

Umair Haque: That’s the third, simplest, and most fundamental step in building next-generation businesses: understanding that next-generation businesses are built on new DNA, or new ways to organize and manage economic activities. Think that sounds like science fiction? Think again. Here are just a few of the most radical new organizational and management techniques today’s revolutionaries are already utilizing: open-source production, peer production, viral distribution, radical experimentation, connected consumption, and co-creation.

Scott Anthony: The Great Disruption creates real challenges for managers who have made a career out of focused execution. Smart management and prudent cost controls might have been enough to survive the Great Depression, but they are wholly insufficient for surviving the Great Disruption. For example, all the operational acumen in the world won’t help U.S. newspaper companies handle the seismic shifts in their industry.

G. Oliver Young: I see a fundamental rethinking of the definition and function of the firm; the single biggest change since the industrial revolution.

Are there any books that you would recommend to someone entering into a commerce program or starting their first foray into business? I think that the rules are changing rather quickly, as I see what people in my own networks are doing, especially with start-ups.

Is there a way to study and prepare for business today or is it better to jump in and make mistakes as you learn? Recommendations would be appreciated, especially from younger entrepreneurs.

The leaking pyramid

Two years ago I wrote about the the forces of change and how workers, who one could call the “Cluetrained’, were dropping out of the bottom of the industrial organisation’s pyramid and doing it on their own. “It” meaning working, learning, creating and collaborating.

Today, these outlets are bigger and more obvious:

  • Informal learning is increasingly available from formal venues, such as Stanford’s series on Darwin’s Legacy that I’m following on YouTube.
  • Social networking is getting more pervasive (Facebook, Twitter or DIY with Ning) and accepted in the mainstream, such as Linked-In for recruiting.
  • Distributed work and tele-work are becoming more acceptable. It is almost normal to work from home from time to time.
  • User generated content is getting people noticed. Job offers are posted (or reverse job postings) and made through blogs while videos on YouTube can catapult people to fame.
  • Creative Commons is becoming the normal license for digital media, enabling easier sharing, and even the White House is using it.

I would say that the bottom of the Command & Control pyramid is getting much more porous.

Learning about Business

When I left the Army and started working at an applied research and consulting group at Mount Allison University I didn’t really know much about the business world. After several years, I’ve realised that there were some things that transferred from military to civilian life. In the past decade I’ve learned a lot, mostly from experience, conversation, and observation. It’s been an interesting apprenticeship.

I’ve found that you learn much more from failure than success. One difference between school and life is that in school you get the lesson followed by the test. When you run a business you get the test first and then you have to figure out the lesson. Two unsuccessful business models showed me the importance of understanding the fundamentals of what makes an organisation work, how it it supports its operations and how it works with its markets or with those who fund it. I also feel that any business success you may have is a result of luck, timing, and the support of others. Any failures are mostly yours to bear because you probably could have done things differently. Humility is a trait of the long-term successful entrepreneur.

I’m not sure if you can train someone to become an entrepreneur or even a free-agent. Skills are not as important as attitude and motivation. I don’t think that I would have been successful running my own company when I was younger, as I wasn’t motivated. Now, with a family and an understanding of what I like to do, it’s fairly easy. That doesn’t mean that you can’t prepare for entrepreneurship. Having good communication, planning, or technical skills can be a real benefit once you decide to take the plunge. Also, the economy may force you into self-employment, so it’s handy to have a good business tool set.

Being a good communicator is important but so is the ability to listen and observe. I’ve seen businesses fail because the executives believed their own marketing hype. Early success can close your eyes to reality, so you need a trusted network of advisors who will keep you grounded. Listening includes looking outside for ideas and information. Even though I spend a lot of time reading online, books let me dig deeper into a subject.

Some books that have helped me along the way:

The Art of the Start for staying focused on the essentials of any start-up venture.

Seeing What’s Next if your business is entering an existing market.

Free Agent Nation if you want to work for yourself.

The Future of Work to understand some of the forces of change influencing how we work.

The Future of Management to see how flawed our current management models are for our needs.

Getting over a haggis

Guest post by Graham McTavish Watt

Apropos of nothing other than a getting over a haggis munch yesterday at the Robbie Burn’s Evening, let me run this by your keen eyes.

The Inuit people have been teaching and learning for at least a thousand years. And their learning is important because frequently the lack of it can be fatal. Not fatal to the learning, fatal to the learner. They have done all this learning through the oral tradition. They are acknowledged technological experts and tremendous innovators: The geodesic dome, the kayak, the bone-spring-in-frozen-meat Polar Bear killer with built-in blood trail feature, and so much more. Much of today’s technological detritus is in a way oral, even text messaging. But much of it is frittered (sorry) rather than substantial.

How would we equate the essential oral aspects of Inuit learning efficacy with your industry’s seemingly ever-changing technological learning approaches (I might add, often delivered with scorn for the already existing)? Why do we not go back to survey and explore the aboriginal learning perspectives rather than pushing forward with this or next week’s latest technological thematic? Or would Inuit learning just become next week’s technology thematic? Perhaps you do go back, I’m sure you do, and I acknowledge there are oral aspects to technology, but the oral tradition among aboriginals means the learner and teacher both learn, and it is the synergy which keeps the learning momentum going. There is humility to it, rather than a wisp or two of contempt

Two interesting books you may have read but which I am presently reading:

UQALURAIT: An Oral History of Nunavut Compiled and edited by John Bennett and Susan Rowley. And John Ralston Saul’s A FAIR COUNTRY Telling Truths About Canada.

The former has incredible detail on clothing, skin preparation, fashion, astronomy, medicine, external relations, food sharing, navigation, kayak building, trading, hunting, fishing, social activity, house building, leadership and many other orally learned techniques. Is it any wonder they valued their elders? Why do we tend to denigrate ours? Saul’s book is, in my view, a wonderful continuation to the work of Harold Adams Innis on the oral tradition, and draws upon the aboriginal example as a main component of many aspects of Canada’s rather well-known use of negotiation rather than violence and threat. Ironicly, caucus is an Algonquian oral word which meant meeting, talking and listening. Now we use it to plot to defeat others. It was used by aboriginals to find ways to reach agreements that sustain each other’s cultures and prevent war.

Graham Watt

Close the Training Department

I get a lot of unsolicited e-mail asking me to review a new product or service, a small portion that actually gets my attention. A recent e-mail said how much the writer liked my post on inverting the pyramid, and by the way, their product enabled this —

“Now, what if you could incorporate social media practices like blogging and chat and incorporate social media feeds and video directly into the training courses? wouldn’t it be even more effective then? What if the people building the course could freely collaborate and share ideas within the course building tool and even share reusable course elements?”

I think that social media can be powerful tools for collaboration, working and learning, but they are rather useless inside a training box. Sticking blogs, RSS, chats and widgets into your training delivery system has little to do with my advice to the training department or my suggestion to learning professionals to wake up and smell the coffee.

I am advocating the closure of the training department per se. We need to get out of the training delivery mindset but that is where most vendors are stuck. Jay Cross sums up our approach at TogetherLearn:

“Next week, we will close the training department. We are shifting our focus from training to performance. Legal or the line departments can handle compliance. Any remaining training staff will become mentors, coaches, and facilitators who work on improving core business processes, strengthening relationships with customers, and cutting costs.”

That’s right, compliance can be covered by legal. Now look at what remains. Talk to the people at the coal face and find out what they really need. Few will say training. The days of developing & delivering are almost over. Connecting & Communicating should be the focus of learning and performance professionals in a networked environment.

Resources and Tools

I was asked to develop a list of important resources, especially the blogs that I find most valuable in my work. Since my work is focused on the intersection of learning, work and technology and especially how learning and working are becoming integrated in networked organisations, these are not just edtech blogs. These are not the best, but a good representation of some of the better resources. A more complete list is available on my Bloglines public feed.

Focused on Learning

Internet Time Blog and Informl Learning Jay Cross has informed much of my work, which is why we continue to work collaboratively.

OLDaily Stephen Downes’ daily coverage of the widest range of learning-related items, making it an excellent meta blog.

Eide Neurolearning is a good source for me to get up to speed on the science of learning and cognition.

Workplace Learning Today This is a new multi-author blog that is becoming an important source of information for me.

Focused on Work & Business

Wirearchy discusses new models for the networked workplace.

FastForward Blog and The AppGap are both multi-author blogs looking at enterprise 2.0

The Creative Class Richard Florida has added several other authors so there are wide ranging opinions on the new nature of work here.

Focused on Technology

Read/Write Web if you only follow one site on Web technologies, this should be it.

Michael Geist is the Canada Research Chair of Internet and E-commerce Law and this is where I get a Canadian perspective on digital copyright and Net neutrality.

Miscellaneous

Polymeme is a potpourri of information that introduces me to new fields and ideas, without overwhelming me with frivolous information.

TOOLS

I’ve recently taken to using Twitter and I’m finding it to be a great tool for finding information. I liken it to lobbing comments over the cubicle walls. With twitter, I’m picking up more divergent points of view.

I’m also on the lookout for a decent comment aggregator, having used CoComment, Commentful and co.mment, and not been satisfied with their spotty service. I’m trying out BackType but it misses out on many comments and does not pick up follow-on comments. I’m currently awaiting the launch of Ubervu and hope that it fills this gap in my online collaboration.

I tried out Jing this past year and may use it more for quick video casts and Jay Cross just introduced me to EyeJot for sending quick video messages.

Drupal for Education and E-Learning

Bill Fitzgerald has written a comprehensive technical guide for the Drupal open source content management system with a focus on its use in formal education. Drupal for Education and E-Learning, by Packt Publishing, walks you through the setup of a Drupal installation, step by step. This is a how-to book, covering everything from themes to modules to backup and maintenance. The core of the book is on education-specific aspects, such as teacher blogs, forums, enrolling students and managing classes. It also covers the use of various media and there are many comments on considerations from a learning perspective.

Drupal is not specifically designed for education, as Moodle is, but Bill gives a good map on how it can be used. The Drupal developer and user community is also larger than Moodle’s and an important factor in choosing an open source system is the strength of the developer/user community. Also, Drupal can be used for other aspects of the institution, such as alumni relations or digital asset management

I would think that this book would be excellent for the system administrator at an institution, the project lead or senior instructional designer. Parts of it would be of interest to individual teachers. Since Drupal has no licensing fees, institutions can afford several copies of this book.

Open source for learning costs less

In my 2009 predictions for eLearn Magazine I said that “There will be an increased interest in open source software as well as tools and methods that enable online collaboration.” Ryan Cameron took me to task on open source in the comments:

Open source is not, actually, free. Someone has to build it, someone has to maintain it. Open source is simply transferring an up front and usually meagre licence fee for a long term highly specialized labour cost, which in many cases ends up creating situations where organizations are completely hamstrung by their IT department/gurus.

I agree, OS is not free, however it is free of licensing fees and free from many other licensing constraints of proprietary systems. If it is GPL it is free to hack, modify or build upon, with some restrictions.

My research and experience over the years shows open source, especially in training and education, to be significantly cheaper. One example is a Moodle installation that had a total cost of ownership at 3-10% of the compared proprietary system. Another example of open source versus a proprietary learning management system showed a savings of $345,000. Here’s a study from the Quebec Provincial Department of Education that showed savings of 59-75% over 5 years.

While OS is not free, and does incur some costs for implementation and support, I have yet to find examples where open source learning management systems cost more than proprietary ones. An OS learning management system may not meet all your needs, but it won’t be because it costs too much.

Learning Industry Predictions 2009

eLearn Magazine offers predictions for 2009 and Editor Lisa Neal Gualtieri says that the people polled “unanimously agree the global economic downturn is the overwhelming factor coloring their forecasts, [however] they do see a great array of opportunities and challenges in the coming 12 months.

Here are the predictions from my Internet Time Alliance colleagues:

Jane Hart: As the recession bites and training budgets are slashed, organizations will no longer be able to afford the production of sophisticated courseware. Instead they will become more reliant on employee-generated content and increasingly appreciate the potential of Web 2.0 approaches for informal, social, and collaborative learning, and knowledge sharing throughout the enterprise. There will also be a growing trend toward adopting a top-down approach to using social media in organizations by building a social media/learning strategy and implementing a platform that integrates a number of social media tools for enterprise use.

Jay Cross: Wrenching changes in business and society accompanying the global transition from the industrial age to the network economy will kill off much of the training and education programs as we have known it. In its place will arise a more natural approach to learning through collaboration and sharing. There are great times ahead, an era of fulfilling, bounteous learning unprecedented in human history. However, the journey to this promised land will be brutal and unforgiving for people and organizations who resist change and lobby for “back to the basics.”

Clark Quinn: The extraordinary: Semantics will arise; we’ll start realizing the power of consistent tagging, and start being able to meta-process content to do smart things on our behalf. And we’ll start seeing cloud-hosting as a new vehicle for learning services.

You can find my predictions in with the rest as well.